Commercial Space Industry Chain

Space Manufacturing（航天制造（上游））Sector — Rockets, satellites and their components and materials.

• Launch Vehicles（运载火箭制造）System — Commercial launch vehicles; reusability and cost are the battleground.🔒4

  • Rocket Engines（火箭发动机）Component — Methalox, kerolox and solid motors; core of cost and reuse.🔒4

  • Structures & Tanks（箭体结构与贮箱）Component — Lightweight airframes, stages and propellant tanks.🔒3

  • Avionics & GNC（箭载电子与控制）Component — Flight computers, inertial navigation and telemetry.🔒2

  • Propellants（推进剂与特种气体）Material — LOX, methane, kerosene and pressurant gases.🔒2

  • Reusability（回收复用技术）Technology — Vertical landing and reuse, cutting launch cost by an order of magnitude.🔒3

• Satellite Manufacturing（卫星制造）System — Mass production of LEO satellites; the factory model drives cost down.🔒4

  • Satellite Bus（卫星平台）Component — Bus systems: structure, power, propulsion and AOCS.🔒3

  • Payloads（有效载荷）Component — Transponders and phased arrays, the highest-value part of a satellite.🔒3

  • Satellite Antennas（星载天线）Component — Spaceborne phased-array and deployable antennas.🔒2

  • Inter-Satellite Laser Links（星间激光通信）Component — Inter-satellite laser terminals for constellation networking.🔒3

  • Attitude Control（姿轨控部件）Component — Star trackers, reaction wheels and electric propulsion.🔒2

• Components & Materials（部组件与材料）Sector — Components and materials shared by rockets and satellites.

  • T/R Chips & Phased Arrays（TR芯片与相控阵）Chip — T/R chips at the heart of phased arrays, on satellites and terminals.🔒3

  • Carbon Fiber Composites（碳纤维复合材料）Material — Core lightweight material for structures.🔒3

  • Superalloys（高温合金）Material — Heat-resistant alloys for combustion chambers and turbopumps.🔒3

  • Aerospace Additive Manufacturing（航天3D打印）Manufacturing — 3D printing of complex engine parts, slashing development cycles.🔒2

  • Space-Grade Electronics（宇航连接器与电子）Component — Radiation-hardened connectors, relays and components.🔒3

  • Space Clocks（星载时频器件）Component — Space atomic clocks and oscillators, the timing reference.🔒1

Launch & Operations（发射与运营（中游））Sector — Launch services, constellation operations and the ground segment.

• Launch Services（发射服务）Service — Launch capacity, the biggest bottleneck of constellation build-out.🔒4

• Commercial Launch Sites（商业发射场）Service — Commercial pads and infrastructure raising launch cadence.🔒1

• Constellation Operations（卫星星座运营）Service — LEO constellation networking, operations and capacity wholesale.

  • Satellite Internet（卫星互联网星座）Service — LEO broadband; a race to deploy tens of thousands of satellites.🔒3

  • Earth Observation Constellations（遥感星座）Service — High-revisit Earth-observation constellations.🔒3

• TT&C & Ground Segment（测控与地面系统）Service — Satellite TT&C, gateways and ground networks.🔒1

Space Applications（航天应用（下游））Sector — Satcom, navigation and Earth-observation applications.

• Satcom Applications（卫星通信应用）Sector — Consumer and enterprise satcom services and terminals.

  • Direct-to-Device（手机直连卫星）Service — Ordinary phones connecting to satellites, opening the consumer market.🔒4

  • User Terminals（卫星终端设备）Component — Flat-panel and on-the-move user terminals.🔒3

• GNSS Applications（卫星导航应用）Sector — BeiDou-centered positioning, navigation and timing.

  • GNSS Chips & Modules（北斗芯片与模组）Chip — Navigation chips, modules and boards.🔒3

  • High-Precision Positioning（高精度定位服务）Service — Centimeter-level positioning for autonomous driving and surveying.🔒3

• Earth Observation Applications（遥感应用）Service — EO data processing for agriculture, emergency response and land use.🔒3

• Space Tourism & New Frontiers（太空旅游与新业态）Service — Suborbital tourism and commercial space stations.🔒3